The aerospace industry faces increasing pressure to transition from a linear "take-make-dispose" model to a circular economy. This shift is particularly challenging for end-of-life aircraft materials, where over 50% of retired assets are relegated to landfills or low-value recovery streams. This study addresses the critical gaps in recycling and reclamation processes, specifically for advanced composites like carbon-fiber reinforced polymers and rare metals such as titanium and cobalt. The paper proposes a comprehensive, multi-layered framework built upon a microservices-based architecture for end-of-life material traceability. This digital foundation integrates advanced analytics, AI, and industrial big data to automate and optimize material sorting and recovery. By creating a detailed technical blueprint for this system, the research demonstrates how a transparent, data-driven ecosystem can overcome current technological and logistical bottlenecks. The framework is designed to enhance material recovery rates, improve economic viability, and strengthen supply chain resilience. It concludes that while current technologies are insufficient, a combination of digital innovation, robust regulatory frameworks, and collaborative industry efforts is essential to scale recycling and reduce the industry's reliance on virgin raw materials, moving it toward a truly circular future.