Housing Circumstances and Mental Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54640//irjmshc-v02i10-02Keywords:
Homelessness, Mental Health, Anxiety, DepressionAbstract
Background
Homelessness remains a pressing public health concern in many countries, with mental illness contributing significantly to the elevated rates of disease and mortality observed in homeless populations. A growing body of research has documented the strong association between homelessness and poor mental health outcomes, alongside efforts to quantify the prevalence of psychiatric disorders within this vulnerable group. This systematic review synthesises existing evidence on the relationship between homelessness and mental health outcomes.
Methods
A comprehensive search of observational studies was conducted across electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they focused exclusively on homeless individuals, employed validated diagnostic criteria for mental disorders, and were conducted in high-income countries. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Risk of Bias tool.
Findings
Thirty primary studies met the inclusion criteria. Across these studies, a consistent link was observed between homelessness and adverse mental health outcomes. Anxiety and stress-related disorders were the most frequently diagnosed, followed by depression, substance use disorders involving alcohol and drugs, and schizophrenia. Notably, gaps in the literature were identified regarding specific subpopulations—such as women and immigrants—as well as unmet healthcare needs.
Conclusions
Public health initiatives aimed at improving the wellbeing of homeless individuals must address the high burden and complexity of psychiatric illness within this population. The findings underscore the need for regular mental health assessments and tailored interventions within healthcare systems. In particular, the prevalence of schizophrenia and substance use disorders warrants targeted service development and resource allocation.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Oluremi Akintola-Idowu, Kennedy Oberhiri Obohwemu, Samrina Afzal, Rabeea Rizwan, Ibiangake Friday Ndioho, Joyce Eberechukwu Idomeh, Celestine Emeka Ekwuluo, Kevbe Ofobrukweta (Author)
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