eISSN: 3023-3267 editor@aimjournals.com
All Journals
Submit your article

Critique Open Research & Review

Open Access Peer Review International
Open Access

Perinatal Factors and Long-term Developmental Trajectories of Microcephaly in Children: A Rural Hospital Perspective

DOI https://doi.org/10.55640/corr-v03i04-02
PDF
Prof. Elena Petrov 1 , Dr. Amina F. Yusuf 1 ,
4 Department of Paediatrics, Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
4 Department of Paediatrics, Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia

Abstract

Microcephaly, a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by reduced head circumference, poses significant challenges for affected children and their families. This study examines the association between perinatal factors and long-term developmental outcomes in children diagnosed with microcephaly in a rural hospital setting. A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted, including clinical records of infants born over a ten-year period. Key perinatal variables evaluated included maternal infections, nutritional status, birth complications, and neonatal intensive care interventions. Developmental trajectories were assessed through standardized neurocognitive and motor function evaluations up to age five. Findings revealed that low birth weight, perinatal hypoxia, and maternal malnutrition were strongly associated with more severe developmental delays. Conversely, early intervention and access to rehabilitative services modestly improved functional outcomes. The study underscores the need for targeted maternal and neonatal health strategies to mitigate risk factors and highlights the importance of accessible long-term follow-up care in resource-limited rural communities.

Keywords

Microcephaly, Perinatal Factors, Developmental Trajectories

References

Leviton A, Holmes LB, Allred EN, et al. Methodologic issues in epidemiologic studies of congenital microcephaly. Early Hum Dev 2002;69:91–105.
Woods CG, Parker A. Investigating microcephaly. Arch Dis Child 2013;98:707–13.
Dobyns WB. Primary microcephaly: new approaches for an old disorder. Am J Med Genet 2002;112:315–7.
Nawathe A, Doherty J, Pandya P. Fetal microcephaly. BMJ 2018;361.
von der Hagen M, Pivarcsi M, Liebe J, et al. Diagnostic approach to microcephaly in childhood: a two-center study and review of the literature. Dev Med Child Neurol 2014;56:732–41.
Woods CG, Bond J, Enard W. Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH): a review of clinical, molecular, and evolutionary findings.14 Am J Hum Genet 2005;76:717–28.
Villar J, Cheikh Ismail L, Victora CG, et al. International standards for newborn weight, length, and head circumference by gestational age and sex: the newborn cross-sectional study of the INTERGROWTH- 21st project. Lancet 2014;384:857–68.
Papageorghiou AT, Ohuma EO, Altman DG, et al. International standards for fetal growth based on serial ultrasound measurements: the fetal growth longitudinal study of the INTERGROWTH-21st project. Lancet 2014;384:869–79.
WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group. Who child growth standards: growth velocity based on weight, length and head circumference: 107 methods and development. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2009: 242. ISBN: 978 92 4 154763 5.
Morris JK, Rankin J, Garne E, et al. Prevalence of microcephaly in Europe: population based study. BMJ 2016;354.
Cragan JD, Isenburg JL, Parker SE, et al. Population-based microcephaly surveillance in the United States, 2009 to 2013: an analysis of potential sources of variation. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 2016;106:972–82.
Graham KA, Fox DJ, Talati A, et al. Prevalence and clinical attributes of congenital microcephaly - New York, 2013-2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017;66:125–9.
Auger N, Quach C, Healy-Profitós J, et al. Congenital microcephaly in Quebec: baseline prevalence, risk factors and outcomes in a large cohort of neonates. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2018;103:F167–F172.
Bhide P, Kar A. Birth prevalence of microcephaly in India. Bull World Health Organ 2016;23.
Devakumar D, Bamford A, Ferreira MU, et al. Infectious causes of microcephaly: epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Lancet Infect Dis 2018;18.
McNeese ML, Selwyn BJ, Duong H, et al. The association between maternal parity and birth defects. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 2015;103:144–56.
McElrath TF, Allred EN, Kuban K, et al. Factors associated with small head circumference at birth among infants born before the 28th week. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010;203:138.e1–138.e8.
Krauss MJ, Morrissey AE, Winn HN, et al. Microcephaly: an epidemiologic analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188:1484–90.
Abdel-Salam G, Czeizel AE. A case-control etiologic study of microcephaly. Epidemiology 2000;11:571–5.
Kleber de Oliveira W, Araǔjo de Franca GV, Hage Camo E, et al. Infection- related microcephaly after the 2015 and 2016 Zika virus outbreaks in Brazil: a surveillance-based analysis, 2018. Available: www.thelancet.com
Baud D, Gubler DJ, Schaub B, et al. An update on Zika virus infection. Lancet 2017;390:2099–109.
World Health Organization. Zika causality statement, 2016. Available: http://www.who.int/emergencies/zika-virus/causality/en/
Liu S, Gong J, Pan Y, et al. Newborn birth weight, length, and head circumference for gestational age in Guangzhou based on the INTERGROWTH-21st standard: a multiyear hospital liveborn cohort study.15 The Lancet 2015;386.
Public Health Agency of Canada. Canadian perinatal health report, 2008 edition. Ottawa, 2008. Available: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/2008/cphr-rspc/pdf/cphr-rspc08-eng.pdf [Accessed 21 Jan 2019].
Gong J, Chen D, Liu S. Development of maternal-neonatal health database in Guangzhou. Chin J Obstet & Gynecol 2015;31:1069–73.
Auger N, Luu TM, Healy-Profitós J, et al. Correlation of neonatal abstinence syndrome with risk of birth defects and infant morbidity. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2018;79:553–60.
Liu S, Evans J, MacFarlane AJ, et al. Association of maternal risk factors with the recent rise of neural tube defects in Canada. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2019;33:145–53.
Freund RJ, Littell RC, Spector PC. SAS system for linear models. Cary NC: SAS Institute Inc, 1986.
The Coordinating Study Group of Nine Cities on the Physical Growth and Development of Children. A national survey on physical growth and development of children under seven years of age in nine cities of China in 2015. Chin J Pediatr 2018;56:192–9.
Heppe DHM, Steegers EAP, Timmermans S, et al. Maternal fish consumption, fetal growth and the risks of neonatal complications: the Generation R Study. Br J Nutr 2011;105:938–49.
Dolk H. The predictive value of microcephaly during the first year of life for mental retardation at seven years.16 Dev Med Child Neurol 1991;33:974–83.
Leviton A, Kuban K, Allred EN, et al. Antenatal antecedents of a small head circumference at age 24-months post-term equivalent in a sample of infants born before the 28th post-menstrual week.17 Early Hum Dev 2010;86:515–21.
Leibovitz Z, Daniel-Spiegel E, Malinger G, et al. Prediction of microcephaly at birth using three reference ranges for fetal head circumference: can we improve prenatal diagnosis? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;47:586–92.
Basatemur E, Shevlin M, Sutcliffe A. Growth of children conceived by IVF and ICSI up to 12 years of age.18 Reprod Biomed Online 2010;20:144–9.
Brandes JM, Scher A, Itzkovits J, et al. Growth and development of children conceived by in vitro fertilization. Pediatrics 1992;90:424–9.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.