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International Research Journal of Medical Sciences and Health Care

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Immunohistochemical Expression of Her-2/Neu in Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Cancers in Anambra State, Southeast Nigeria: A Multicenter 10-Year Retrospective Review

DOI https://doi.org/10.55640/irjmshc-v03i04-04
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Kenechi Gerald Ike 1 ORCID iD , Chinedu Ndukwe 1 ORCID iD , Ifeoma Florence Ezejiofor 1 , Kingsley Chike Madubuike 1 , Kennedy Oberhiri Obohwemu 1 ORCID iD , Gordon Mabengban Yakpir 1 ORCID iD , Celestine Emeka Ekwuluo 1 ORCID iD , Kenneth Oshiokhayamhe Iyevhobu 1 ORCID iD , Daniel Ikechukwu Oseji 1 ORCID iD , Festus Ituah 1 ORCID iD , Oluwafemi Emmanuel Ooju 1 ORCID iD , Leonard Nnamdi Meruo 1 ORCID iD , Mary Oluwayemisi Akadiri 1 , Bolorunduro Joseph Ojo 1 ORCID iD , Chidinma Onyinye Emegoakor 1 ORCID iD , Chiedu Arinze Oraemeka 1 , Jennifer Adaeze Chukwu 1 ORCID iD , Chisom Lucky Emeka 1 ORCID iD , Eke Desmond Onyebuchukwu 1 ORCID iD ,
4 FMCPath, Department of Anatomic Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria; and Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 FMCPath, Department of Anatomic Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria; and Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 FMCPath, Department of Anatomic Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria; and Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 FMCPath, Histopathology Department, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria; and Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 PhD, Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 PhD, Faculty of Health, Wellbeing & Social Care, Oxford Brookes University, GBS Partnership, Birmingham Campus, United Kingdom; and PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 MPH, Family Health International, Ukraine; and PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Multidisciplinary Studies & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 MPH, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Health Science, Edo State University, Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria; and Department of Interdisciplinary Research and Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 FWACS, Department of Ophthalmology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Lokoja, Nigeria; and Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 PhD, School of Health and Sports Science, Regent College, London, United Kingdom; and Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 MSc, World Health Organisation, Abuja, Nigeria; and Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 MHPM, Department of Oral Diagnosis and Dental Public Health, D’ Dentist Place Dental Clinic, Owerri, Nigeria; Department of Oral Pathology, D’ Dentist Place Dental Clinic, Owerri, Nigeria; and Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 MSc, Department of Health, Wellbeing & Social Care, Global Banking School, Oxford Brookes University Partnership, Birmingham Campus, Birmingham, United Kingdom; and Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 MBBS, Outpatient Department, EFCC Clinic, Abuja, Nigeria; and Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 MBBS, Independent Researcher, Pennysylvania, USA.
4 MRSC (Ed), Surgery Department, Nisa Garki Hospital, Abuja; and Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom
4 PhD, World Health Organization, United Nations House, Abuja, Nigeria; and Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 PhD, Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit/Health Promotion, Disease Prevention and Control Cluster, World Health Organisation Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria; and Department of Interdisciplinary Research & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
4 MSc, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria; and Department of Interdisciplinary Studies & Statistics, PENKUP Research Institute, Birmingham, United Kingdom.

Abstract

Background: Gastric and gastroesophageal carcinomas are amongst the leading contributors of cancer deaths globally. In Nigeria, late diagnosis is the norm for these malignancies resulting in major cancer related mortality. The role of targeted therapy in the management of advanced gastric and gastroesophageal carcinomas using anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody is being explored in various populations following studies revealing improved overall survival.

Materials and Methods: The relevant data were retrieved from four major histopathology laboratories in Anambra, Southeast Nigeria over a 10-year period. Haematoxylin & Eosin slides were made from the formalin fixed paraffin embedded blocks and were reviewed to confirm diagnosis and pathological parameters. HER-2 overexpression was assessed by staining with anti-HER-2 antibody

Results: HER-2 overexpression was found in 5.97% of gastric & GEJ carcinomas studied. All HER-2 positive tumours from this study were intestinal-type tumours, however this association is not statistically significant. No correlation was found between HER-2 overexpression and the variables; age, sex, tumour grade, tumour stage and tumour location.

Conclusion: HER-2 overexpression is seen in a small percentage of gastric and gastroesophageal carcinomas in Anambra state. This HER-2 overexpression has not shown any statistically significant associations with clinical and pathological parameters studied.

Keywords

HER‑2 overexpression, Gastric carcinoma, Gastroesophageal junction carcinoma (GEJ carcinoma), Targeted therapy, Anti‑HER2 monoclonal antibody

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