Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains a major contributor to pediatric visual morbidity, particularly among preterm infants. While spontaneous regression occurs in a subset of cases, others require medical interventions such as laser photocoagulation or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy. This study presents a comprehensive comparative assessment of ocular structural metrics and refractive profiles in young patients with self-resolved ROP versus those subjected to intervention-based management strategies. The investigation is grounded in developmental ophthalmology, refractive physiology, and clinical outcome evaluation frameworks.

A structured analytical model was employed to examine biometric parameters including axial length, corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth, and lens thickness, alongside refractive outcomes such as myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia. Drawing on empirical evidence from longitudinal, cross-sectional, and randomized clinical studies, the research evaluates how differing disease trajectories influence ocular development.

Findings indicate that intervention-based treatments, particularly laser therapy, are associated with altered ocular growth patterns, including shorter axial length and increased lens thickness, contributing to myopic refractive shifts (Geloneck et al., 2014; McLoone et al., 2006). Conversely, spontaneously regressed ROP cases demonstrate comparatively more physiologic ocular development, though still distinct from non-ROP populations. Anti-VEGF therapy appears to preserve more natural ocular growth patterns relative to laser interventions (Chen & Chen, 2020; Lee et al., 2018).

The study highlights critical interactions between disease severity, treatment modality, and long-term visual outcomes. It further identifies gaps in standardization of follow-up protocols and the need for individualized management strategies. Limitations include variability in study methodologies and lack of uniform longitudinal data.

This research contributes to clinical decision-making by offering a multidimensional understanding of ocular development in ROP, emphasizing the importance of balancing disease control with preservation of physiological eye growth.