eISSN: 3087-405X editor@aimjournals.com
All Journals
Submit your article

International Research Journal of Medical Sciences and Health Care

Open Access Peer Review International
Open Access

Surface Challenge-Based Assessment Framework for the Disinfectant Efficacy of Cetrimide, Dettol, and Lizol Against Six Microbial Species in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Environments

DOI https://doi.org/10.55640/irjmshc-v03i09-03
PDF
Nguyen Minh Anh 1 ,
4 Faculty of Health Sciences, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam

Abstract

Effective environmental disinfection is fundamental to contamination control in pharmaceutical manufacturing, particularly where microorganisms can persist on non-porous production surfaces. This study develops a surface challenge-based assessment framework for comparatively evaluating the disinfectant efficacy of cetrimide, Dettol, and Lizol against six microbial species on epoxy-coated pharmaceutical surfaces. The framework integrates standardized surface preparation, microbial challenge, disinfectant exposure, neutralization, recovery, enumeration, and comparative efficacy analysis. Its theoretical foundation is derived from the supplied literature concerning disinfectant validation, surface challenge testing, cleanroom disinfection, and microbial control. Particular emphasis is placed on distinguishing nominal disinfectant activity from demonstrated performance under realistic surface conditions. The proposed framework incorporates baseline microbial recovery, control verification, log-reduction assessment, contact-time effects, reproducibility, and comparative performance ranking. The literature indicates that disinfectant efficacy cannot be evaluated adequately from formulation characteristics alone because surface type, microbial characteristics, application conditions, and validation methodology influence observed outcomes. The framework therefore provides a systematic basis for comparing cetrimide, Dettol, and Lizol under controlled pharmaceutical-surface conditions. Its principal contribution is methodological: it establishes a structured approach for generating comparable evidence while minimizing interpretation errors associated with inadequate controls or inconsistent recovery procedures. The proposed model can support disinfectant selection, environmental monitoring strategies, sanitation validation, and contamination-control decision-making in pharmaceutical manufacturing environments.

Keywords

Surface Challenge Test, Disinfectant Efficacy, Cetrimide

References

Ferrer MJC, Lim RKL, Cue RDA, Beltran AB, Damalerio RG, Uba MO. Performance of Stored Electrolyzed Seawater for Disinfection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020;778(1).
Joshi SD, Memon DI, Shaikh DT, Khan I, Kumari SSK, Dagha R. Disinfectant Efficacy Testing of Imago & Getter Disinfectant on non-porous surfaces using Surface Challenge Test. Int J Scientific Research & Engineering Trends. 2020;6(1).
Memon I, Memon NI, Samanta S, Mali R. Study on Disinfectant Products Validation Assessment by Use Dilution as per USP 1072 Standard Method. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 2024;13(10):206-12.
Sandle T. The CDC Handbook-a Guide to Cleaning and Disinfecting Clean Rooms. Grosvenor House Publishing; 2012.
Willison-Parry D, Yang S, Forng RY, Cirbo T, McMeel A, Kiler B, et al. Disinfectant Efficacy: Understanding the Expectations and How to Design Effective Studies That Include Leveraging Multi-Site Data to Drive an Efficient Program. PDA J Pharm Sci Technol. 2020;74(2):249-63.
Xi H, Ross KE, Hinds J, Molino PJ, Whiley H. Efficacy of chlorine-based disinfectants to control Legionella within premise plumbing systems. Water Res. 2024;259:121794.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 3 4 5 6 > >>