Open Access
OPTIMIZING ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE: A MULTI-OBJECTIVE GENETIC ALGORITHM APPROACH FOR SITING AND SIZING
4
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran
4
Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, China
Abstract
The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates the strategic development of efficient charging infrastructure. This study proposes a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) approach for optimizing the siting and sizing of EV charging stations. The model incorporates multiple conflicting objectives, including cost minimization, user accessibility, grid stability, and environmental impact. By simulating various urban deployment scenarios, the algorithm identifies optimal solutions that balance these objectives, offering robust and scalable planning strategies. Results from case studies demonstrate that the MOGA-based framework significantly improves the efficiency and sustainability of EV charging infrastructure planning. The approach provides actionable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and utility companies aiming to support EV adoption and smart city initiatives.
Keywords
Electric vehicle charging,
charging infrastructure,
multi-objective optimization,
genetic algorithm
References
Bae, S., Jang, I., Gros, S., Kulcsar, B., & Hellgren, J. (2022). A game approach for charging station placement based on user preferences and crowdedness. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 23(4), 3654–3669. DOI: 10.1109/TITS.2020.3038938
Cai, H. Q., Dai, W., Zhao, J. Y., Wang, C., Zhang, Z. J., & Li, S. Y. (2022). Evaluation method of effective capacity of electric vehicle charging stations based on multi-parameter programming. Electric Power, 55(11), 175–183. DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202206091
Cao, Q., & Zhu, Y. F. (2023). Location optimization of electric vehicle charging stations: Taking Pudong New Area of Shanghai as an example. Practical technology of automobile, 18–22
Cao, Y. L., Ni, X., & Gong, H. Y. (2024). Research on location of electric freight vehicle charging stations in rural areas based on AP clustering algorithm and interval intuitionistic fuzzy number. Journal of Tianjin University of Technology.1-10
Chen, J., Huang, X., Cao, Y., Li, L., Yan, K., Wu, L., & Liang, K. (2022). Electric vehicle charging schedule considering shared charging pile based on generalized Nash game. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 136, 107579. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107579
Cheng, J. C. (2023). Research on location and capacity method of electric vehicle charging stations considering charging user behavior. Shanghai Institute of Electric Engineering master's degree thesis.82. DOI: 10.27818/d.cnki.gshdj.2023.000046
Cheng, J. X. (2023). Research on location and capacity planning of urban electric vehicle charging stations. Shanghai Institute of Electric Engineering master's degree thesis.66. DOI: 10.27818/d.cnki.gshdj.2023.000059
Chi, L., Yuan, Y., & Xu, T. T. (2021). Research on site selection and capacity determination of charging facilities based on thermal analysis diagram of EV and charging pile. ICITEE ’20: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Information Technologies and Electrical Engineering, 303–307. DOI: 10.1145/3452940.3452998
Chumbi, W. E., Martinez-Minga, R., Zambrano-Asanza, S., Leite, B., & Franco, J. F. (2024). Suitable site selection of public charging stations: A fuzzy TOPSIS MCDA framework on capacity substation assessment. Energies, 17(14), 3452. DOI: 10.3390/en17143452
Ding, Y. Q. (2024).Location optimization of electric vehicle charging stations based on charging demand. Master's thesis of Anhui Normal University.62. DOI: 10.26920/d.cnki.gansu.2024.000136
Du, J., Jing, H., Choo, K. K. R., Sugumaran, V., & Castro-Lacouture, D. (2020). An ontology and multi-agent based decision support framework for prefabricated component supply chain. Information Systems Frontiers, 22(6), 1467–1485. DOI: 10.1007/s10796-019-09941-x
Fang, Z., Zhang, J., Sun, Y., & Chen, S. Y. (2020). Study on quantity planning of charging piles considering multi-objective constraints. Power System Technology, 44(2), 704–710. DOI: 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2019.0359
Filippi, C., Guastaroba, G., Peirano, L., & Speranza, M. (2023). Iccorporating time-dependent demand patterns in the optimal location of capacitated charging stations. Transportation Research Part C, Emerging Technologies, 152, 104145. DOI: 10.1016/j.trc.2023.104145
Gui, Q., Shi, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2021). Optimal configuration model of photovoltaic and energy storage capacity of charging station considering battery dynamic characteristics. Electric Power Construction, 42(5), 90–99. DOI: 10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2021.05.010
Hu, Y. S., Qin, C. Y., Lü, S. H., & Wu, H. J. (2024). Research on location of electric vehicle charging stations considering user satisfaction and range anxiety. Wuhan Ligong Daxue Xuebao.
Jia, R., Gao, Y. D., & Zhao, J. (2024). Low-carbon planning for electric vehicle charging station location and capacity in electro-road coupled network. Journal of Shanghai Electric Power University, 40(2), 109–114.
Li, J., Liu, C., Yi, K., Fan, L., & Wu, Z. (2025). An adaptive NSGA-II for electric vehicle routing problem with charging/discharging based on time-of-use electricity pricing and diverse charging stations. Applied Soft Computing, 170, 112704. DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2025.112704
Meng, T., Guo, H. G., & Zhang, C. M. (2024). Research on intelligent location and capacity determination method of electric vehicle charging stations. Journal of Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, 45(4), 342–347.
Mu, L. F., Sugumaran, V., & Wang, F. Y. (2020). A hybrid genetic algorithm for software architecture re-modularization. Information Systems Frontiers, 22(5), 1133–1161. DOI: 10.1007/s10796-019-09906-0
Nandhini, I., Manjula, D., & Sugumaran, V. (2022). Multi-class brain disease classification using modified pre-trained convolutional neural networks model with substantial data augmentation. Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics, 12(2), 168–183. Advance online publication. DOI: 10.1166/jmihi.2022.3936
Suganeshwari, G., Syed Ibrahim, S. I. P. M., & Sugumaran, V. (2023). A graph-based collaborative filtering algorithm combining implicit user preference and explicit time-related feedback. Neural Computing & Applications, 35(36), 25235–25247. DOI: 10.1007/s00521-023-08694-8
Sun, Z. Y., Ning, A. B., & Fu, T. Y. (2024). Reduced-order backtracking algorithm for charging station location based on existing gas station distribution. Operations Research and Management Science.
Verma, R., Sharma, S. K., Singh, P., Bhutto, J. K., & Alharbi, A. R. A. (2022). Analysis and sizing of charging stations in Kota city. Sustainability (Basel), 14(18), 11759. DOI: 10.3390/su141811759
Wang, Y.-M., He, S.-F., García Zamora, D., Pan, X.-H., & Martínez, L. (2023). A large scale group three-way decision-based consensus model for site selection of new energy vehicle charging stations. Expert Systems with Applications, 214, 119107. DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2022.119107
Xiao, B., & Gao, F. (2022). Location and capacity optimization method for electric vehicle charging stations with different capacity charging piles. Dianli Zidonghua Shebei, 42(10), 157–166.
Xu, X. (2022). Analysis of charging pile location in Hanjiang District based on GIS. Geographical Research, 11(6), 568–576. DOI: 10.12677/GSER.2022.116058
Zhang, K., & Cheng, L. (2024). Research on optimal site selection for electric vehicle charging stations. PEAI ’24: Proceedings of the 2024 International Conference on Power Electronics and Artificial Intelligence, 781–785. DOI:DOI: 10.1145/3674225.3674366
Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Li, F., Wu, B., Chiang, Y. Y., & Zhang, X. (2021). Efficient deployment of electric vehicle charging infrastructure: Simultaneous optimization of charging station placement and charging pile assignment. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 22(10), 6654–6659. DOI: 10.1109/TITS.2020.2990694
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- Jean Paul Kazungu, Jean Pierre Ntayagabiri, Jeremie Ndikumagenge, M. Kokou Assogba, QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF REAL-WORLD IMPLEMENTATIONS AND OUTCOMES (2019–2024) , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 3 No. 02 (2026): Volume 03 Issue 02
- Dr. Emily Chen, Improving Economic Results by Implementing Structured Administrative Governance , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 2 No. 11 (2025): Volume 02 Issue 11
- Linh Thuy Nguyen, Kofi Mensah, OPTIMIZING SOFTWARE EFFORT ESTIMATION: A SYNERGISTIC HYBRID DEEP LEARNING FRAMEWORK WITH ENHANCED METAHEURISTIC OPTIMIZATION , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 2 No. 11 (2025): Volume 02 Issue 11
- Dr. Jonathan R. Whitmore, Architecting Resilient Continuous Integration and Delivery Ecosystems for Large-Scale Java Enterprises: An Integrated Perspective on Information Needs, Modular Evolution, and Pipeline Governance , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 2 No. 10 (2025): Volume 02 Issue 10
- Paul Hathaway, A Comparative Analysis of Data-Driven Decision Support Systems: Bridging Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health Informatics, And Predictive E-Commerce Analytics in The Era of Big Data , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 3 No. 01 (2026): Volume 03 Issue 01
- Prof. Kavita Menon, An In-Depth Review of Recent Advances in Cables and Towed Objects for Ocean Engineering Towing Systems , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 2 No. 08 (2025): Volume 02 Issue 08
- Dinesh Perera, Nethmi Fernando, AI-Enabled Test Case Generation and Optimization for Modern Software Development , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 3 No. 08 (2026): Volume 03 Issue 08
- Jean Claude Ndayizeye, Analyzing Unseen Customer Attributes with Innovative Cohort Identification Techniques , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 3 No. 02 (2026): Volume 03 Issue 02
- Arjun Mehta, Advanced Analysis of Plastic Waste Bioconversion Through Polyethylene-Degrading Bacillus sp. VC2 Systems , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 3 No. 09 (2026): Volume 03 Issue 09
- Dr. Miguel A. Rodríguez, A Principal Component Analysis Framework for Characterizing Core-Periphery Structures through Neighborhood-Based Bridge Node Centrality , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 2 No. 09 (2025): Volume 02 Issue 09
Similar Articles
- Dr. Leila Karam, Innovative Strategies in Modern Data Warehousing: Integrating Lakehouse Architectures And Enterprise Data Pipelines , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 2 No. 12 (2025): Volume 02 Issue 12
- Dr. Youssef El-Masry, Statistical Learning Driven Virtual Counterpart Systems Evaluating Healthcare Coverage Administration Analysis , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 2 No. 10 (2025): Volume 02 Issue 10
- Matteo Ricci, Redefining Ethical Asset Management Through Intelligent Technologies and Cognitive Expertise , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 3 No. 06 (2026): Volume 03 Issue 06
- Dr. Elena Markovic, Adaptive Latency-Aware Microservice Orchestration and Anomaly-Resilient Edge–Cloud Architectures for Mixed Reality and Time-Critical Applications , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 1 No. 01 (2024): Volume 01 Issue 01
- Diego Fernández Morales, Computational Methods for Equipment Health Assessment in Electrical Supply Networks , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 2 No. 12 (2025): Volume 02 Issue 12
- Dr. Ethan Williams, Dr. Olivia Carter, Dr. Liam Anderson, Autonomous Fault Management in Cloud Environments Through Deep Learning-Based Decision Making , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 3 No. 01 (2026): Volume 03 Issue 01
- Dr. Akmal Rakhimov, Role of Dashboard-Driven Insights in Client Management Documentation for Rural Lending Organizations , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 3 No. 01 (2026): Volume 03 Issue 01
- Pavlo Tkachenko, Comparison of The Effectiveness of Various Types of Connections (Rigid, Hinged, Semi-Rigid) In Steel Systems, Depending on The Height and Span of The Building , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 3 No. 03 (2026): Volume 03 Issue 03
- Raka Pratama, Siti Maharani, Policy-Based Automation for Secure Governance of Machine and Workload Identities in Cloud IAM , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 3 No. 09 (2026): Volume 03 Issue 09
- Dr. Marcel H. Vogt, Prof. Xiangyu Li, Dr. Aurelien Dupont, QUOTIENT MECHANISM KINEMATIC ANALYSIS: A MANIFOLD IDENTIFICATION METHOD UTILIZING CHASLES' DECOMPOSITION MODELS , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 1 No. 01 (2024): Volume 01 Issue 01
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.