Open Access
OPTIMIZING ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE: A MULTI-OBJECTIVE GENETIC ALGORITHM APPROACH FOR SITING AND SIZING
4
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran
4
Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, China
Abstract
The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates the strategic development of efficient charging infrastructure. This study proposes a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) approach for optimizing the siting and sizing of EV charging stations. The model incorporates multiple conflicting objectives, including cost minimization, user accessibility, grid stability, and environmental impact. By simulating various urban deployment scenarios, the algorithm identifies optimal solutions that balance these objectives, offering robust and scalable planning strategies. Results from case studies demonstrate that the MOGA-based framework significantly improves the efficiency and sustainability of EV charging infrastructure planning. The approach provides actionable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and utility companies aiming to support EV adoption and smart city initiatives.
Keywords
Electric vehicle charging,
charging infrastructure,
multi-objective optimization,
genetic algorithm
References
Bae, S., Jang, I., Gros, S., Kulcsar, B., & Hellgren, J. (2022). A game approach for charging station placement based on user preferences and crowdedness. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 23(4), 3654–3669. DOI: 10.1109/TITS.2020.3038938
Cai, H. Q., Dai, W., Zhao, J. Y., Wang, C., Zhang, Z. J., & Li, S. Y. (2022). Evaluation method of effective capacity of electric vehicle charging stations based on multi-parameter programming. Electric Power, 55(11), 175–183. DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202206091
Cao, Q., & Zhu, Y. F. (2023). Location optimization of electric vehicle charging stations: Taking Pudong New Area of Shanghai as an example. Practical technology of automobile, 18–22
Cao, Y. L., Ni, X., & Gong, H. Y. (2024). Research on location of electric freight vehicle charging stations in rural areas based on AP clustering algorithm and interval intuitionistic fuzzy number. Journal of Tianjin University of Technology.1-10
Chen, J., Huang, X., Cao, Y., Li, L., Yan, K., Wu, L., & Liang, K. (2022). Electric vehicle charging schedule considering shared charging pile based on generalized Nash game. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 136, 107579. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107579
Cheng, J. C. (2023). Research on location and capacity method of electric vehicle charging stations considering charging user behavior. Shanghai Institute of Electric Engineering master's degree thesis.82. DOI: 10.27818/d.cnki.gshdj.2023.000046
Cheng, J. X. (2023). Research on location and capacity planning of urban electric vehicle charging stations. Shanghai Institute of Electric Engineering master's degree thesis.66. DOI: 10.27818/d.cnki.gshdj.2023.000059
Chi, L., Yuan, Y., & Xu, T. T. (2021). Research on site selection and capacity determination of charging facilities based on thermal analysis diagram of EV and charging pile. ICITEE ’20: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Information Technologies and Electrical Engineering, 303–307. DOI: 10.1145/3452940.3452998
Chumbi, W. E., Martinez-Minga, R., Zambrano-Asanza, S., Leite, B., & Franco, J. F. (2024). Suitable site selection of public charging stations: A fuzzy TOPSIS MCDA framework on capacity substation assessment. Energies, 17(14), 3452. DOI: 10.3390/en17143452
Ding, Y. Q. (2024).Location optimization of electric vehicle charging stations based on charging demand. Master's thesis of Anhui Normal University.62. DOI: 10.26920/d.cnki.gansu.2024.000136
Du, J., Jing, H., Choo, K. K. R., Sugumaran, V., & Castro-Lacouture, D. (2020). An ontology and multi-agent based decision support framework for prefabricated component supply chain. Information Systems Frontiers, 22(6), 1467–1485. DOI: 10.1007/s10796-019-09941-x
Fang, Z., Zhang, J., Sun, Y., & Chen, S. Y. (2020). Study on quantity planning of charging piles considering multi-objective constraints. Power System Technology, 44(2), 704–710. DOI: 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2019.0359
Filippi, C., Guastaroba, G., Peirano, L., & Speranza, M. (2023). Iccorporating time-dependent demand patterns in the optimal location of capacitated charging stations. Transportation Research Part C, Emerging Technologies, 152, 104145. DOI: 10.1016/j.trc.2023.104145
Gui, Q., Shi, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2021). Optimal configuration model of photovoltaic and energy storage capacity of charging station considering battery dynamic characteristics. Electric Power Construction, 42(5), 90–99. DOI: 10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2021.05.010
Hu, Y. S., Qin, C. Y., Lü, S. H., & Wu, H. J. (2024). Research on location of electric vehicle charging stations considering user satisfaction and range anxiety. Wuhan Ligong Daxue Xuebao.
Jia, R., Gao, Y. D., & Zhao, J. (2024). Low-carbon planning for electric vehicle charging station location and capacity in electro-road coupled network. Journal of Shanghai Electric Power University, 40(2), 109–114.
Li, J., Liu, C., Yi, K., Fan, L., & Wu, Z. (2025). An adaptive NSGA-II for electric vehicle routing problem with charging/discharging based on time-of-use electricity pricing and diverse charging stations. Applied Soft Computing, 170, 112704. DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2025.112704
Meng, T., Guo, H. G., & Zhang, C. M. (2024). Research on intelligent location and capacity determination method of electric vehicle charging stations. Journal of Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, 45(4), 342–347.
Mu, L. F., Sugumaran, V., & Wang, F. Y. (2020). A hybrid genetic algorithm for software architecture re-modularization. Information Systems Frontiers, 22(5), 1133–1161. DOI: 10.1007/s10796-019-09906-0
Nandhini, I., Manjula, D., & Sugumaran, V. (2022). Multi-class brain disease classification using modified pre-trained convolutional neural networks model with substantial data augmentation. Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics, 12(2), 168–183. Advance online publication. DOI: 10.1166/jmihi.2022.3936
Suganeshwari, G., Syed Ibrahim, S. I. P. M., & Sugumaran, V. (2023). A graph-based collaborative filtering algorithm combining implicit user preference and explicit time-related feedback. Neural Computing & Applications, 35(36), 25235–25247. DOI: 10.1007/s00521-023-08694-8
Sun, Z. Y., Ning, A. B., & Fu, T. Y. (2024). Reduced-order backtracking algorithm for charging station location based on existing gas station distribution. Operations Research and Management Science.
Verma, R., Sharma, S. K., Singh, P., Bhutto, J. K., & Alharbi, A. R. A. (2022). Analysis and sizing of charging stations in Kota city. Sustainability (Basel), 14(18), 11759. DOI: 10.3390/su141811759
Wang, Y.-M., He, S.-F., García Zamora, D., Pan, X.-H., & Martínez, L. (2023). A large scale group three-way decision-based consensus model for site selection of new energy vehicle charging stations. Expert Systems with Applications, 214, 119107. DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2022.119107
Xiao, B., & Gao, F. (2022). Location and capacity optimization method for electric vehicle charging stations with different capacity charging piles. Dianli Zidonghua Shebei, 42(10), 157–166.
Xu, X. (2022). Analysis of charging pile location in Hanjiang District based on GIS. Geographical Research, 11(6), 568–576. DOI: 10.12677/GSER.2022.116058
Zhang, K., & Cheng, L. (2024). Research on optimal site selection for electric vehicle charging stations. PEAI ’24: Proceedings of the 2024 International Conference on Power Electronics and Artificial Intelligence, 781–785. DOI:DOI: 10.1145/3674225.3674366
Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Li, F., Wu, B., Chiang, Y. Y., & Zhang, X. (2021). Efficient deployment of electric vehicle charging infrastructure: Simultaneous optimization of charging station placement and charging pile assignment. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 22(10), 6654–6659. DOI: 10.1109/TITS.2020.2990694
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- Dr. Prathviraj Singh Rathore, A Review of Smart Manufacturing Supply Chain Management Focusing on Automation Predictive Analytics Sustainability Resilience , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 3 No. 07 (2026): Volume 03 Issue 07
- Prof. Amir A. Faruqi, TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS AND CHALLENGES IN ULTRASONIC DISTANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 2 No. 05 (2025): Volume 02 Issue 05
- Dr. Wei Zhang, Prof. Liying Chen, An Intelligent Systems-Based Evaluation Model of Rural Agricultural Development in China Inspired by International Precision Farming Technologies , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 3 No. 07 (2026): Volume 03 Issue 07
- Dr. Haruto Nakamura, Prof. Aiko Tanaka, A Framework-Based Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Tool Integration in Academic Writing and Its Effects on Critical Reasoning and Writing Competency in Malaysian Higher Education Faculty , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 3 No. 08 (2026): Volume 03 Issue 08
- Dr. Arjun V. Menon, Resilient Sustainability and Cloud Platform Strategies: Integrating Life-Cycle, Security, and Operational Excellence in Modern Technology Enterprises , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 2 No. 11 (2025): Volume 02 Issue 11
- Dr. Clara E. Whitmore, Artificial Intelligence for Resilient Decentralized Infrastructures: An Integrative Research Study on Hybrid Renewable Energy Management and Real-Time Digital Payment Fraud Detection , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 3 No. 04 (2026): Volume 03 Issue 04
- Dr. Alistair J. Sterling, Architectural Frameworks for Multimodal Learning Analytics and Autonomic System Feedback: Integrating Physiological, Inertial, And Temporal Data for Enhanced Skill Acquisition , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 2 No. 12 (2025): Volume 02 Issue 12
- Diego Fernández Morales, Computational Methods for Equipment Health Assessment in Electrical Supply Networks , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 2 No. 12 (2025): Volume 02 Issue 12
- John M. Aldridge, Secure, Privacy-Preserving FPGA-Enabled Architectures for Big Data and Cloud Services: Theory, Methods, and Integrated Design Principles , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 2 No. 11 (2025): Volume 02 Issue 11
- Dr. Yuta Nakamori, Dr. Emi Hayasaka, A Strategic Framework For Modernizing Legacy Enterprise Applications Through Cloud-Based Migration Models , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 3 No. 04 (2026): Volume 03 Issue 04
Similar Articles
- Dr. Eleanor M. Whitford, Deep Learning and Intelligent Control in High-Stakes Systems: An Integrative Research Study on Lung Cancer CT Diagnosis and AI-Enabled Electric Vehicle Grid Management , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 3 No. 04 (2026): Volume 03 Issue 04
- Evan Richman, Advanced Evolutionary Optimization and Intelligent Sensor Integration for Electromagnetic Compatibility and Signal Integrity in Autonomous Vehicle Architectures , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 3 No. 01 (2026): Volume 03 Issue 01
- Elena M. Hartwell, Prof. Daniel K. Mercer, Dr. Sofia M. Alvarez, Adaptive and Secure Dynamic Voltage Restoration in Smart Power Networks: A Text-Based Integrative Research Study on PI-Controlled DVRs, Converter Coordination, Energy Management, and Cyber-Physical Resilience , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 3 No. 04 (2026): Volume 03 Issue 04
- Linh Thuy Nguyen, Kofi Mensah, OPTIMIZING SOFTWARE EFFORT ESTIMATION: A SYNERGISTIC HYBRID DEEP LEARNING FRAMEWORK WITH ENHANCED METAHEURISTIC OPTIMIZATION , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 2 No. 11 (2025): Volume 02 Issue 11
- Bekzod Karimov, Dilnoza Akhmedova, Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, and Sustainability: A Framework for Next-Generation Construction Management , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 3 No. 08 (2026): Volume 03 Issue 08
- Dr. Clara E. Whitmore, Artificial Intelligence for Resilient Decentralized Infrastructures: An Integrative Research Study on Hybrid Renewable Energy Management and Real-Time Digital Payment Fraud Detection , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 3 No. 04 (2026): Volume 03 Issue 04
- John M. Albright, Premium Networked Mobility, Fleet-as-a-Service, and the Digital Infrastructure of Sustainable Urban Transport , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 2 No. 11 (2025): Volume 02 Issue 11
- Dr. Ren Takahashi, Dr. Mei Kobayashi, A Scalable Cloud Transition Model For Enhancing Operational Agility In Enterprise Information Systems , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 3 No. 05 (2026): Volume 03 Issue 05
- Rizky Pratama, Dewi Lestari, Performance Analysis Framework for Dynamic AODV Protocols in MANETs , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 3 No. 09 (2026): Volume 03 Issue 09
- Arjun Sharma, Priya Verma, Graph Neural Network-Based Framework for Intelligent Cyber Threat Detection in Cloud Computing , International Journal of Next-Generation Engineering and Technology: Vol. 3 No. 08 (2026): Volume 03 Issue 08
1-10 of 67
Next
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.