Pilot mental workload is a critical human factor in aviation safety and operational efficiency, profoundly impacting decision-making, performance, and overall system dependability within complex aviation-technological complexes. Excessive or insufficient workload can lead to errors, reduced situational awareness, and ultimately, aviation incidents and accidents [16]. This article presents a comprehensive overview of frameworks and techniques employed for modeling and assessing pilot mental workload. We categorize these methodologies into subjective, physiological, performance-based, and computational approaches, detailing their principles, applications, and inherent limitations. Drawing upon extensive literature, we synthesize insights into how these diverse methods contribute to understanding, predicting, and managing the cognitive demands placed on pilots. The discussion highlights the challenges associated with real-time, multi-modal workload assessment and emphasizes the necessity of integrated approaches for effective human-machine interface design, automation management, and flight safety [11]. The conceptualization of pilot mental load through robust modeling is crucial for optimizing the interaction between human operators and advanced aviation systems, thereby enhancing overall system reliability and safety.