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International Journal of Renewable, Green, and Sustainable Energy

Open Access Peer Review International
Open Access

Sustainable Management of Photovoltaic Waste in Malaysia: A Comprehensive Review of Current Practices and Future Directions

DOI https://doi.org/10.55640/ijrgse-v03i07-01
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Kwame Mensah 1 , Ama Osei 1 ,
4 Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Ghana
4 School of Environmental Science and Sustainability, Accra Institute of Technology, Ghana

Abstract

The rapid expansion of solar photovoltaic (PV) deployment in Malaysia has significantly contributed to national renewable energy targets and decarbonization strategies. However, this growth has simultaneously generated an emerging environmental challenge associated with end-of-life (EoL) PV waste management. Photovoltaic modules contain valuable materials such as silicon, silver, aluminum, and rare metals, but also hazardous components that require controlled handling. This paper provides a comprehensive review of sustainable photovoltaic waste management in Malaysia, synthesizing global recycling practices, life cycle impacts, and policy frameworks to identify gaps and future directions for circular economy integration. Drawing on comparative international literature, the study highlights the importance of integrating physical and chemical recycling methods, improving regulatory enforcement, and establishing structured reverse logistics systems. Prior studies emphasize that inadequate PV waste governance can lead to long-term environmental burdens and resource inefficiencies, particularly in developing countries (Mahmoudi, S., Huda, N., & Behnia, M. (2021a). Critical assessment of renewable energy waste generation in OECD countries: Decommissioned PV panels. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 164, 105145). The findings suggest that Malaysia’s current e-waste framework requires enhancement to address the projected increase in solar panel disposal. The study concludes that a transition toward circular economy-based PV waste management is essential for achieving long-term sustainability in the renewable energy sector.

Keywords

Photovoltaic waste, Malaysia, solar panel recycling

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