Open Access

Integrative Perspectives On Identity, Authentication, And Privacy: From RFID Security Protocols To Facial Biometric Representations

4 Department of Computer Science, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina

Abstract

Identity authentication has evolved from simple identification mechanisms into complex, multi-layered systems that span physical objects, digital infrastructures, and human biometric traits. This research article develops an integrative and theoretically grounded analysis of identity, authentication, and privacy by synthesizing two historically distinct yet conceptually convergent domains: radio-frequency identification (RFID) security protocols and facial biometric representation and analysis. Drawing exclusively from established literature on RFID security and privacy, authentication schemes, anthropometric facial analysis, and modern machine learning-based face modeling, this work examines how shared concerns—such as adversarial threats, privacy leakage, efficiency constraints, and representational fidelity—manifest across technological paradigms. The article elaborates in depth on the evolution of RFID authentication protocols, including privacy-preserving approaches for passive tags, and extends this discussion to facial biometric systems that rely on anthropometry, convolutional neural networks, and generative models. Particular emphasis is placed on the conceptual parallels between tag impersonation in RFID systems and identity spoofing or dual-identity generation in facial recognition contexts. Methodologically, the study adopts a comparative analytical framework, synthesizing protocol-level security reasoning with representational and statistical reasoning in biometric systems. The results of this synthesis reveal a unifying theory of identity systems characterized by trade-offs between efficiency, security, and privacy, regardless of whether the identity bearer is a silicon tag or a human face. The discussion critically examines limitations inherent in both domains and proposes future research trajectories aimed at cross-pollination between RFID security engineering and biometric system design. By articulating a holistic understanding of authentication technologies, this article contributes a comprehensive conceptual foundation for researchers and system designers concerned with secure and privacy-aware identity infrastructures.

Keywords

References

📄 Alsawwaf, M.; Chaczko, Z.; Kulbacki, M.; Sarathy, N. In your face: Person identification through ratios and distances between facial features. Vietnam Journal of Computer Science, 2022, 9, 187–202.
📄 Alrubaish, H.A.; Zagrouba, R. The effects of facial expressions on face biometric system’s reliability. Information, 2020, 11, 485.
📄 Farkas, L. Anthropometry of the Head and Face. Raven Press, New York, 1994.
📄 Fleisch, E. From Identification to Authentication–A Review of the RFID Product Authentication Techniques. Workshop on RFID Security, Springer, 2006.
📄 Juels, A. RFID Security and Privacy: A Research Survey. RSA Laboratories, 2005.
📄 King, D.E. Dlib-ml: A machine learning toolkit. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 2009, 10, 1755–1758.
📄 Landt, J. Shrouds of Time, The History of RFID. The Association for Automatic Identification and Data Capture Technologies, 2006.
📄 Liu, A.X.; Bailey, L.A. PAP: A privacy and authentication protocol for passive RFID tags. Computer Communications, 2009, 32, 1194–1199.
📄 Lo, N.W.; Yeh, K.H. Novel RFID Authentication Schemes for Security Enhancement and Efficiency of System. Secure Data Management, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2007, 4721, 203–212.
📄 Merler, M.; Ratha, N.; Feris, R.S.; Smith, J.R. Diversity in faces. arXiv, 2019.
📄 Szlávik, Z.; Szirányi, T. Face identification with CNN-UM. IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications, 2004, 190–195.
📄 Thorne, A. Generating Dual-Identity Face Impersonations with Generative Adversarial Networks: An Adversarial Attack Methodology. International Journal of Advanced Artificial Intelligence Research, 2025, 2, 1–8.
📄 Vegter, F.; Hage, J.J. Clinical anthropometry and canons of the face in historical perspective. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2000, 106, 1090–1096.
📄 Yu, C.; Gao, C.; Wang, J.; Yu, G.; Shen, C.; Sang, N. Bisenet v2: Bilateral network with guided aggregation for real-time semantic segmentation. International Journal of Computer Vision, 2021, 129, 3051–3068.
📄 Zhou, H.; Liu, J.; Liu, Z.; Liu, Y.; Wang, X. Rotate-and-render: Unsupervised photorealistic face rotation from single-view images. IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2020, 5911–5920.

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.