Open Access

A Comparative Analysis of Image Encryption Techniques Based on Linear Feedback Shift Registers and Chaotic Systems

PDF

Dr. Julian R. Cortez ¹ ,

⁴ Department of Information Systems, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of image encryption techniques, focusing on the performance and security of systems based on Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSRs) against those based on chaotic maps. The research addresses a gap in the literature by systematically evaluating higher-order and combined LFSR designs, and demonstrating their viability as a lightweight and secure alternative for image encryption.

Methods: We implemented and tested several image encryption algorithms, including novel LFSR-based ciphers and established chaos-based systems using logistic, tent, and Henon maps. We evaluated their performance using a suite of security metrics, including statistical analysis (histograms and correlation), and differential attack analysis (NPCR and UACI). The efficiency of each cipher was also assessed through execution time measurements.

Results: The experimental results demonstrate that all tested ciphers, including the novel SCLFSR24, achieved robust security, with NPCR values exceeding 99% and UACI values greater than 40%. This is associated with high sensitivity to pixel changes and strong resistance to differential attacks. The LFSR-based ciphers generated similarly random keystreams and secure encrypted images, performing comparably to the well-known chaos-based methods.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that LFSR-based ciphers offer a compelling and practical alternative for image security. Their lightweight design and strong security performance, comparable to chaotic systems, are particularly well-suited for real-time applications in fields such as healthcare and multimedia communication.

Keywords

Image Encryption, Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR), Chaotic Systems, Stream Cipher

References

Momeni A, Broumandnia A, Mirabedini SJ. Color image encryption using linear feed-back shift registers by three-dimensional permutation and substitution operations.Int J Nonlinear Anal Appl 2021;12: 903–921. Special Issue, Winter and Spring doi: 10.22075/IJMA.2021.5520

Pan H, Lei Y, Jian C. Research on digital image encryption algorithm based on doublelogistic map. J Image Video Proc. 2018;142(1). doi: 10.1186/s13640-018-0386-3

Allawi ST, Al-A’meri JH. Image encryption based on linear feedback shift registermethod. Al-Sadeq International Conference on Multidisciplinary in IT andCommunication Science and Applications (AIC-MITCSA) – IRAQ; 2016. p. 9–10.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7759903

Feng L, Du J, Fu C. Digital image encryption algorithm based on double chaotic mapand lstm. Comput Mater Continua. 2023;77(2):1645–1662. doi: 10.32604/cmc.2023.042630

Sankpal PR, Vijaya PA. Image encryption using chaotic maps: a survey. Procs of the 5thInternational Conf on Signal and Image Processing, ICSIP; 2014. p.102–107. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6754860

Bhowmik A, Karforma S. Linear feedback shift registers and integer theory: a state-of-art approach in security issues over e-commerce. Electron Commer Res. 2021;22(4):1–21. doi: 10.1007/s10660-021-09477-w

Hou S, Deng D, Wang Z, et al. A dynamically configurable LFSR-based PUF designagainst machine learning attacks. CCF Trans High Perform Comput. 2020;3(1):31–56.doi: 10.1007/s42514-020-00060-7

Okunbor D. Software implementation of LSFR-based stream ciphers for GSMcryptosystems. IEEE Procs 7th International Conference on Reliability, InfocomTechnologies and Optimization (Trends and Future Directions) (ICRITO); 2018. p.59–65. doi: 10.1109/ICRITO.2018.8748397

Sachs J. Linear feedback dhift registers for the uninitiated parts I-XVIII. 2017. https://www.embeddedrelated.com/showarticle/1193.php

Sadkhan SB, Jawad NH. Simulink based implementation of developed A5/1 streamcipher cryptosystem. Procedia Computer Science. 2015;65:350–357. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:62453886

Okunbor D, Sharma RK. Object-oriented software for galois field-based encryption.Int J Bus Strategy. 2022;22(1):5–15. doi: 10.18374/IJBS-22-1.1

Krishnapriya PV, Smitha S. Image security using linear feedback shift register. Int J InnovSci Res Tech. 2017;2. https://ijisrt.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Image-Security-Using-Linear-Feedback-Shift-Register.pdf

Most read articles by the same author(s)

<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 > >>

International Journal of Cyber Threat Intelligence and Secure Networking

A Comparative Analysis of Image Encryption Techniques Based on Linear Feedback Shift Registers and Chaotic Systems

Abstract

Keywords

References

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Similar Articles